This paper, by considering the notion of a state residuated lattice morphism in the class of state residuated lattices, investigates some classical theorems namely the going up and lying over theorems. Results show that each state residuated lattice morphism fulfills these theorems. Also, some properties about prime filters of residuated lattices are obtained which are given in the paper.

The plane strain deformation of an isotropic, homogeneous, poroelastic medium caused by an inclined line-load is studied using the Biot linearized theory for fluid saturated porous materials. The analytical expressions for the displacements and stresses in the medium are obtained by applying suitable boundary conditions. The solutions are obtained analytically for the limiting case of undrained conditions in high frequency limit. The undrained displacements, stresses and pore pressure in poroelastic medium are plotted and discussed to draw the conclusions.

This paper concerned with the dispersion of Love wave in a fiber-reinforced medium lying over a heterogeneous half-space. The heterogeneity is caused by the consideration of quadratic variation in density and directional rigidity of lower half-space. The irregularity has been considered in the form of rectangle at the interface of the fiber-reinforced layer and heterogeneous half-space. The dispersion equation of Love wave has been deduced for existing geometry of the problem under suitable boundary conditions using variable separation method. It has also been observed that for a homogeneous layer with rigidity lying over a regular homogeneous isotropic half-space, the velocity equation coincides with the classical results of Love wave. The effect of the medium characteristics on the dispersion of Love waves has been discussed and the results are displayed with graphs by means of MATLAB programming to clear the physical significance. The study of Love wave dispersion with irregular interface helps civil engineers in building construction, analysis of earthquake in mountain roots, continental margins, and so on. It is also beneficial for the study of seismic waves generated by artificial explosions.

In this work, attempts are made to study the dispersion of Love waves in dry sandy layer sandwiched between fiber reinforced layer and inhomogeneous half space. Inhomogeneity in half space associated with density and rigidity and considered in exponential form. Displacement components for fiber reinforced layer, dry sandy layer and inhomogeneous half-space have been obtained by using method of separable variables. Boundary conditions are defined at the free surface of the fiber reinforced layer and at the interfaces between layers and half space. The dispersion equation has derived in closed form. Numerical calculations for dispersion equation are performed. The study results show the effect of parameters on the velocity of Love waves and presented graphically. Graphs are plotted between wave number and phase velocity to show the effect of reinforced parameter, sandiness parameter and inhomogeneity on the phase velocity of Love waves. From the graphs, it can be concluded that phase velocity decreases with respect to wave number.

The definition of ‘lie’ seems obvious at first glance but with a second glance a number of questions are raised which need to be answered. For a lie to occur four conditions should be fulfilled. First, lying requires that someone makes a statement (statement condition).Second lying requires the person to believe that the statement is false (untruthfulness condition). Third, lying requires that the statement is addressed to someone (addressee condition). Fourth, lying requires that a statement is made to delude the addressee (condition of deluding the addressee). There is a distinction between lying and deception. lying is a kind of deception which is exclusive to verbal and non-verbal expression and not to both expression and action. In addition, lying is exclusive to statements and not to any type of verbal and non-verbal expressions. lying implies the opposition of the liar’s purpose with what has already happened in reality and not the opposition of the form of the expression with the reality or the liar’s purpose. One of the controversial issues in Islamic theology has been the nature of lying, that is, whether the wrongness of lying is essential or accidental. We can deal with this issue by referring to the definition of lying. If we define lying as making an untruthful statement, the wrongness of act of lying would be accidental, but if we define it as making a statement with the intention to deceive others then its wrongness would be essential.

Semantically lying means to conceal the truth, an enunciation that is purely subjective. Through lying the individual covers her/his weak points and misleads the addressee. In this way the individual gets away from punishment. This essay addresses lying in children and adults separately. Then proper strategies to the underpinnings of lying and the ways to prevent and treat it will be presented.

Iran, due to its geographical location, has low rainfall and is considered a dry land. As a result, different regions of the country grapple with drought. The presence of water management systems, such as aqueducts and reservoirs, in most parts of the country, along with a variety of methods for conserving water for irrigation, may contribute to this claim. Considering that drought is an inherent phenomenon in Iran's climate, people have invented and used numerous methods to combat it and store water. The aim of this study is to monitor and evaluate drought in Iran. In order to realize this goal, precipitation data from synoptic, rain gauge, and climatology stations were extracted over a 51-year period, from 1970 to 2020. The results obtained from examining drought occurrences in five ten-year periods reveal that, with the exception of the third decade (1991 to 2000), drought has prevailed in the majority of Iran's regions compared to other decades. On the other hand, in the recent decades leading to 2020, the intensity of drought occurrences, especially in the Middle Zagros, has intensified, which has consistently been among the regions with the highest rainfall in Iran after the Caspian region. This situation can cause concern in Iran, a country where its agricultural production hub is established along the Zagros mountain range. Moreover, the fluctuating behavior of Iran's droughts, with return periods of 2 to 5 years, has complicated the management strategies for these types of hazards. These conditions appear to have created numerous issues in many areas of Iran, particularly in the agricultural sector of the western provinces, due to the lack of conformity with these types of occurrences.